NordivVMS

Comprehensive Stool Analysis + Parasitology x2 (CSAPx2)

Stool

21 ±5 Days

Indications

Digestive symptoms: Persistent diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, gas or abdominal discomfort.
Suspected gut disorders: IBS, IBD or other gastrointestinal conditions where stool analysis may be informative.
Food sensitivities: Digestive or systemic reactions potentially linked with food triggers.
Inflammatory or autoimmune concerns: Exploring gut-related factors in chronic inflammation or immune imbalance.
Malabsorption or nutrient concerns: Unexplained weight changes, low nutrients or fatigue where digestion or absorption is questioned.
Systemic symptoms: Skin issues, headaches, joint discomfort or fatigue possibly linked with gut imbalance.
Infection or travel exposure: Possible parasite exposure, recurrent gut infections or symptoms after travel.
Dysbiosis or overgrowth: Suspected bacterial or yeast imbalance, especially following antibiotics.
Medication-related effects: Long-term NSAID or antibiotic use with potential impact on gut comfort or function.

Overview

The Comprehensive Stool Analysis & Parasitology x2 profile involves the assessment of two stool samples collected on separate days to provide a wide-ranging overview of digestive health. This evaluation explores aspects such as digestion, absorption, inflammatory activity, microbial communities, and parasites. Various laboratory techniques are employed, including microbiology cultures, enzyme immunoassays, chromatography methods, microscopy, and molecular approaches to identify bacterial and yeast presence as well as parasitic organisms.

This analysis can offer valuable insights for individuals interested in understanding patterns related to digestive function, nutrient uptake, and gut microbial ecology. By examining two samples, it accounts for natural fluctuations in microbial and parasitological content over time. The profile includes measurements of stool chemical markers, inflammatory proteins, short-chain fatty acids, pancreatic enzyme activity, immune-related markers, along with evaluating bacterial, yeast, and parasite populations and select microbial agents.

Results from the Comprehensive Stool Analysis & Parasitology x2 are best considered alongside lifestyle factors such as diet, medication, travel history and reported digestive experiences. Antimicrobial sensitivity information from cultured organisms may provide additional context when reviewing stool microbial patterns to support general wellness, gut balance, and digestive comfort. This holistic approach helps build a broader understanding of gastrointestinal ecosystem dynamics for personal or research interests.

Comprehensive Stool Analysis & Parasitology x2 is intended for informational, educational, wellness and/or research purposes only. It is not intended for use in medical diagnosis, disease screening or clinical decision-making. Comprehensive Stool Analysis & Parasitology x2 is not a replacement for clinical laboratory testing and does not provide medical diagnoses. This content is intended for general information within the EU market and should not be interpreted as a regulated in-vitro diagnostic claim.

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Research

Research

Imbalanced flora

Mackowiak PA. The normal microbial flora. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(2):83-93.

Dysbiotic Flora

• Lispki E. Digestive Wellness. New Canaan,CT: Keats Publishing;1996.

• Mitsuoka T. Intestinal Flora and Aging. Nutr Rev 1992;50(12):438-446.

• Murray MT. Stomach Ailments and Digestive Disturbances. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing; 1997.

• Pereira SP, Gainsborough N, Dowling RH. Drug-induced Hypochlorhydria Causes High Duodenal Bacterial Counts in the Elderly. Ailment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(1)99-104.

• Weisburger JH. Tea and Health: The Underlying Mechanisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220(4):271-275.4.

Beneficial Flora

• Elmer G, Surawicz C, and McFarland L. Biotherapeutic agents - a Neglected Modality for the Treatment and Prevention of Intestinal and Vaginal Infections. JAMA. 1996; 275(11):870-876.

• Fitzsimmons N and Berry D. Inhibition of Candida albicans by Lactobacillus acidophilus: Evidence for Involvement of a Peroxidase System. Microbio. 1994; 80:125-133

• Fuller R. Probiotics in Human Medicine. Gut. 1991;32: 439-442.

• Oksanen P, Salminen S, Saxelin M, et al. Prevention of Travelers’ Diarrhea by Lactobacillus GG. Ann Med. 1990; 22:53-56.

• Percival M. Intestinal Health. Clin Nutr In. 1997;5(5):1-6.

• Perdigon G, Alvarez M, et al. The Oral Administration of Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Mucosal Intestinal Immunity in Response to Enteropathogens. J Food Prot. 1990;53:404-410.

• Siitonen S, Vapaatalo H, Salminen S, et al. Effect of Lactobacilli GG Yoghurt in Prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea. Ann Med. 1990; 22:57-59.

• Valeur, N, et al. Colonization and Immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 2004 Feb; 70(2):1176-81.

• Weisburger JH. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220(4):271-5.